Networking Essentials: PORTS

 Networking Essentials: PORTS

Understanding services like HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, SSH, SMTP, and MySQL is crucial for navigating the digital world efficiently. Master them for better network management!

𝗢𝗦𝗜 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗹 — 𝗖𝗵𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗦𝗵𝗲𝗲𝘁 (𝗡𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗪𝗮𝗹𝗸𝘀)

 𝗢𝗦𝗜 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗹 — 𝗖𝗵𝗲𝗮𝘁 𝗦𝗵𝗲𝗲𝘁 (𝗡𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸 𝗪𝗮𝗹𝗸𝘀)

Microsoft Windows Server – Active Directory Made Simple

 Microsoft Windows Server – Active Directory Made Simple

If you work with Microsoft Windows Server, understanding Domain Controllers is not optional — it is essential.

Active Directory (AD), Additional Domain Controllers (ADC), and Read-Only Domain Controllers (RODC) play a critical role in security, availability, and enterprise network design.

AD vs ADC vs RODC — Explained Clearly

This topic is especially useful for professionals working with Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) and enterprise environments.

Knowing the difference helps with secure domain architecture, high availability, and real-world troubleshooting.

AD (Domain Controller)

Core component of Microsoft Active Directory
Handles authentication, authorization, and Group Policy processing
Provides full read and write access to the directory

ADC (Additional Domain Controller)

An additional full domain controller in the same domain
Used for redundancy, load balancing, and fault tolerance
Ensures business continuity in Windows Server environments

RODC (Read-Only Domain Controller)

Designed for branch offices and remote locations
Hosts a read-only copy of Active Directory
Improves security by preventing unauthorized changes if compromised

Why this matters in Microsoft Server environments

Stronger domain and identity security
Better backup and disaster recovery options
Scalable and highly available enterprise networks
This knowledge is essential for System Administrators, Network Engineers, and Microsoft / CCNA learners preparing for real production environments.

𝗨𝗥𝗟𝘀 𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗱 — 𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗬𝗼𝘂’𝗿𝗲 𝗖𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴

 𝗨𝗥𝗟𝘀 𝗘𝘅𝗽𝗹𝗮𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗱 — 𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄 𝗪𝗵𝗮𝘁 𝗬𝗼𝘂’𝗿𝗲 𝗖𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗸𝗶𝗻𝗴

𝗪𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗼𝘄𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘀 𝗘𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗜𝗧 & 𝗧𝗲𝗰𝗵 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗵𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄

 𝗘𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗪𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗼𝘄𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗱𝘀 𝗘𝘃𝗲𝗿𝘆 𝗜𝗧 & 𝗧𝗲𝗰𝗵 𝗣𝗿𝗼𝗳𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗶𝗼𝗻𝗮𝗹 𝗦𝗵𝗼𝘂𝗹𝗱 𝗞𝗻𝗼𝘄

IT SUPPORT MASTER COMMAND REFERENCE

 IT SUPPORT MASTER COMMAND REFERENCE

1. System Information (Baseline Assessment)

Purpose:
To collect hardware, OS, and system configuration data before troubleshooting.
Key Commands
systeminfo
Retrieves comprehensive system data including OS version, build number, uptime, installed patches, RAM, and system model.
wmic cpu get name
Extracts processor details using Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI).
hostname
Displays the system’s network identity, critical in domain-based environments.
dxdiag
Diagnoses DirectX, GPU, sound, and driver issues.

2. Network Commands (Connectivity Diagnostics)

Purpose:
To verify network configuration, reachability, and communication paths.
Key Commands
ipconfig /all
Displays full TCP/IP configuration including IP address, subnet mask, DNS, DHCP, and MAC address.
ping hostname
Tests basic network connectivity and packet loss.
tracert address
Identifies routing paths and network latency issues.
netstat -an
Displays active network connections and listening ports.

3. Process & Services Management (Operational Control)

Purpose:
To monitor, control, and recover running processes and background services.
Key Commands
tasklist
Lists active processes with memory and CPU usage.
taskkill /im process.exe
Terminates unresponsive or malicious processes.
services.msc
GUI-based service control panel for startup types and dependencies.
sc query
Command-line service status checker (preferred in remote administration).

4. File & Disk Operations (Data Integrity & Storage Management)

Purpose:
To manage file systems, storage health, and data recovery.
Key Commands
dir
Lists directory contents.
copy source destination
Transfers files between locations.
del /f filename
Force deletes protected or locked files.
chkdsk /f
Detects and repairs logical disk errors.

5. User Management (Access & Security Control)

Purpose:
To control user accounts, privileges, and local security policies.
Key Commands
net user
Displays all local user accounts.
net localgroup administrators
Lists users with administrative privileges.
net user username /delete
Removes inactive or unauthorized accounts.
wmic useraccount
Retrieves advanced user account attributes.

6. Troubleshooting & Recovery (Root Cause Resolution)

Purpose:
To identify, analyze, and repair system-level faults.
Key Commands
sfc /scannow
Scans and restores corrupted Windows system files.
chkdsk /r
Locates bad sectors and recovers readable data.
eventvwr
Analyzes system, security, and application logs.
msconfig
Controls startup behavior and boot diagnostics.